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alien contract labor law
The 1885 Alien Contract Labor Law (Sess. II Chap. 164; 23 Stat. 332), also known as the Foran Act, was an act to prohibit the importation and migration of foreigners and aliens under contract or agreement to perform labor in the United States, its Territories, and the District of Columbia.〔Printed Law〕
== Background ==
The late 19th century in American history marked a period of expanding industrialization and national security concerns. In the north manufacturing was growing at an unprecedented rate while the south took over the textile industry. The United States was feeling a virtually never ending demand for cheap labor. The process of industrialization and urbanization was a main attraction for immigrants to the US. The contract labor law of 1864 established a policy of encouraging immigration by supporting companies who would provide passage to their workers in exchange for labor.〔LeMay, Michael. Guarding the Gates: Immigration and National Security p.67〕 The law was soon repealed but demonstrates the national support of what was called at the time a “flood” of immigrants.
In the 1880s immigration from south, central, and eastern Europe rose dramatically and immigrant populations from this region became more influential in American public policy. A once welcomed group, the Chinese, became the target of restrictive immigration policy, including the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act. With the dramatically increasing numbers of all immigrants but most specifically a reaction to Chinese “coolie” labor in the US, a new concern came before congress, the influence that immigrant labor had on the labor market and the native worker.〔http://www.cis.org/articles/1998/msk9-14-98.html〕
As wages were driven down, contract labor became a rallying point for anti-immigration sentiment.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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